What was the invention of aviation attributed to Joseph and Etienne Montgolfier in 1783?

The invention of aviation attributed to Joseph and Etienne Montgolfier in 1783 refers specifically to hot air balloons. This groundbreaking achievement marked one of the earliest forms of human flight. The Montgolfier brothers built a balloon made from paper and cloth, which was filled with hot air generated by a fire on the ground. When the air inside the balloon was heated, it became lighter than the cooler air outside, allowing the balloon to ascend into the sky.

This innovation was significant as it laid the foundation for future developments in aviation and ignited interest in the possibilities of flight. While other options like gliders, Zeppelins, and dirigibles represent different advancements in aviation technology, they stemmed from concepts that evolved later. Hot air balloons specifically are credited to the Montgolfier brothers, making this choice the correct one in relation to their contributions to aviation history.